David Reimer and John Money Gender Reassignment Controversy:( The John/Joan Case ( By: Phil Gaetano-Published: 2017-11-15)

In the mid-1960s, psychologist John Money encouraged the gender reassignment of David Reimer, who was born a biological male but suffered irreparable damage to his penis as an infant. Born in 1965 as Bruce Reimer, his penis was irreparably damaged during infancy due to a failed circumcision. After encouragement from Money, Reimer’s parents decided to raise Reimer as a girl. Reimer underwent surgery as an infant to construct rudimentary female genitals, and was given female hormones during puberty. During childhood, Reimer was never told he was biologically male and regularly visited Money, who tracked the progress of his gender reassignment. Reimer unknowingly acted as an experimental subject in Money’s controversial investigation, which he called the John/Joan case. The case provided results that were used to justify thousands of sex reassignment surgeries for cases of children with reproductive abnormalities. Despite his upbringing, Reimer rejected the female identity as a young teenager and began living as a male. He suffered severe depression throughout his life, which culminated in his suicide at thirty-eight years old. Reimer, and his public statements about the trauma of his transition, brought attention to gender identity and called into question the sex reassignment of infants and children.

Bruce Peter Reimer was born on 22 August 1965 in Winnipeg, Ontario, to Janet and Ron Reimer. At six months of age, both Reimer and his identical twin, Brian, were diagnosed with phimosis, a condition in which the foreskin of the penis cannot retract, inhibiting regular urination. On 27 April 1966, Reimer underwent circumcision, a common procedure in which a physician surgically removes the foreskin of the penis. Usually, physicians performing circumcisions use a scalpel or other sharp instrument to remove foreskin. However, Reimer’s physician used the unconventional technique of cauterization, or burning to cause tissue death. Reimer’s circumcision failed. Reimer’s brother did not undergo circumcision and his phimosis healed naturally. While the true extent of Reimer’s penile damage was unclear, the overwhelming majority of biographers and journalists maintained that it was either totally severed or otherwise damaged beyond the possibility of function.

In 1967, Reimer’s parents sought the help of John Money, a psychologist and sexologist who worked at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. In the mid twentieth century, Money helped establish the views on the psychology of gender identities and roles. In his academic work, Money argued in favor of the increasingly mainstream idea that gender was a societal construct, malleable from an early age. He stated that being raised as a female was in Reimer’s interest, and recommended sexual reassignment surgery. At the time, infants born with abnormal or intersex genitalia commonly received such interventions.

Following their consultation with Money, Reimer’s parents decided to raise Reimer as a girl. Physicians at the Johns Hopkins Hospital removed Reimer’s testes and damaged penis, and constructed a vestigial vulvae and a vaginal canal in their place. The physicians also opened a small hole in Reimer’s lower abdomen for urination. Following his gender reassignment surgery, Reimer was given the first name Brenda, and his parents raised him as a girl. He received estrogen during adolescence to promote the development of breasts. Throughout his childhood, Reimer was not informed about his male biology.

Throughout his childhood, Reimer received annual checkups from Money. His twin brother was also part of Money’s research on sexual development and gender in children. As identical twins growing up in the same family, the Reimer brothers were what Money considered ideal case subjects for a psychology study on gender. Reimer was the first documented case of sex reassignment of a child born developmentally normal, while Reimer’s brother was a control subject who shared Reimer’s genetic makeup, intrauterine space, and household.

During the twin’s psychiatric visits with Money, and as part of his research, Reimer and his twin brother were directed to inspect one another’s genitals and engage in behavior resembling sexual intercourse. Reimer claimed that much of Money’s treatment involved the forced reenactment of sexual positions and motions with his brother. In some exercises, the brothers rehearsed missionary positions with thrusting motions, which Money justified as the rehearsal of healthy childhood sexual exploration. In his Rolling Stone interview, Reimer recalled that at least once, Money photographed those exercises. Money also made the brothers inspect one another’s pubic areas. Reimer stated that Money observed those exercises both alone and with as many as six colleagues. Reimer recounted anger and verbal abuse from Money if he or his brother resisted orders, in contrast to the calm and scientific demeanor Money presented to their parents. Reimer and his brother underwent Money’s treatments at preschool and grade school age. Money described Reimer’s transition as successful, and claimed that Reimer’s girlish behavior stood in stark contrast to his brother’s boyishness. Money reported on Reimer’s case as the John/Joan case, leaving out Reimer’s real name. For over a decade, Reimer and his brother unknowingly provided data that, according to biographers and the Intersex Society of North America, was used to reinforce Money’s theories on gender fluidity and provided justification for thousands of sex reassignment surgeries for children with abnormal genitals.

Contrary to Money’s notes, Reimer reports that as a child he experienced severe gender dysphoria, a condition in which someone experiences distress as a result of their assigned gender. Reimer reported that he did not identify as a girl and resented Money’s visits for treatment. At the age of thirteen, Reimer threatened to commit suicide if his parents took him to Money on the next annual visit. Bullied by peers in school for his masculine traits, Reimer claimed that despite receiving female hormones, wearing dresses, and having his interests directed toward typically female norms, he always felt that he was a boy. In 1980, at the age of fifteen, Reimer’s father told him the truth about his birth and the subsequent procedures. Following that revelation, Reimer assumed a male identity, taking the first name David. By age twenty-one, Reimer had received testosterone therapy and surgeries to remove his breasts and reconstruct a penis. He married Jane Fontaine, a single mother of three, on 22 September 1990.

In adulthood, Reimer reported that he suffered psychological trauma due to Money’s experiments, which Money had used to justify sexual reassignment surgery for children with intersex or damaged genitals since the 1970s. In the mid-1990s, Reimer met Milton Diamond, a psychologist at the University of Hawaii, in Honolulu, Hawaii, and academic rival of Money. Reimer participated in a follow-up study conducted by Diamond, in which Diamond cataloged the failures of Reimer’s transition.

In 1997, Reimer began speaking publicly about his experiences, beginning with his participation in Diamond’s study. Reimer’s first interview appeared in the December 1997 issue of Rolling Stone magazine. In interviews, and a later book about his experience, Reimer described his interactions with Money as torturous and abusive. Accordingly, Reimer claimed he developed a lifelong distrust of hospitals and medical professionals.

With those reports, Reimer caused a multifaceted controversy over Money’s methods, honesty in data reporting, and the general ethics of sex reassignment surgeries on infants and children. Reimer’s description of his childhood conflicted with the scientific consensus about sex reassignment at the time. According to NOVA, Money led scientists to believe that the John/Joan case demonstrated an unreservedly successful sex transition. Reimer’s parents later blamed Money’s methods and alleged surreptitiousness for the psychological illnesses of their sons, although the notes of a former graduate student in Money’s lab indicated that Reimer’s parents dishonestly represented the transition’s success to Money and his coworkers. Reimer was further alleged by supporters of Money to have incorrectly recalled the details of his treatment. On Reimer’s case, Money publicly dismissed his criticism as antifeminist and anti-trans bias, but, according to his colleagues, was personally ashamed of the failure.

In his early twenties, Reimer attempted to commit suicide twice. According to Reimer, his adult family life was strained by marital problems and employment difficulty. Reimer’s brother, who suffered from depression and schizophrenia, died from an antidepressant drug overdose in July of 2002. On 2 May 2004, Reimer’s wife told him that she wanted a divorce. Two days later, at the age of thirty-eight, Reimer committed suicide by firearm.

Reimer, Money, and the case became subjects of numerous books and documentaries following the exposé. Reimer also became somewhat iconic in popular culture, being directly referenced or alluded to in the television shows Chicago Hope, Law & Order, and Mental. The BBC series Horizon covered his story in two episodes, “The Boy Who Was Turned into a Girl” (2000) and “Dr. Money and the Boy with No Penis” (2004). Canadian rock group The Weakerthans wrote “Hymn of the Medical Oddity” about Reimer, and the New York-based Ensemble Studio Theatre production Boy was based on Reimer’s life.

https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/david-reimer-and-john-money-gender-reassignment-controversy-johnjoan-case

http://embryo.asu.edu/handle/10776/13009.

Gaetano, Phil, “David Reimer and John Money Gender Reassignment Controversy: The John/Joan Case”. Embryo Project Encyclopedia (2017-11-15). ISSN: 1940-5030

Sources

Carey, Benedict. “John William Money, 84, Sexual Identity Researcher, Dies.” New York Times, 11 July 2016.

Colapinto, John. “The True Story of John/Joan.” Rolling Stone 11 (1997): 54–73.

Colapinto, John. As Nature Made Him: The Boy who was Raised as a Girl. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2000.

Colapinto, John. “Gender Gap—What were the Real Reasons behind David Reimer’s Suicide.” Slate (2004).

Dr. Money and the Boy with No Penis, documentary, written by Sanjida O’Connell (BBC, 2004), Film.

The Boy Who Was Turned Into a Girl, documentary, directed by Andrew Cohen (BBC, 2000.), Film.

“Who was David Reimer (also, sadly, known as John/Joan)?” Intersex Society of North America. http://www.isna.org/faq/reimer (Accessed October 31, 2017).

Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia.

Sexual and Gender Disorders; Money, John, 1921-2006; Reimer, David, 1965-2004; Reimer, Brenda, 1965-2004; Reimer, Bruce, 1965-2004; Sex change; Sex reassignment; Gender identity; Psychology; Gender; Concept

A MEETING WITH IRELAND’S MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE, THE MINISTER OF DEFENCE AND ONE OTHER GOVT MEMBER OF THE IRISH DELEGATION VISITING NEW ZEALAND:  Tuesday 14th March I had the opportunity to meet the Irelands Minister Of Agriculture -Charlie McConalogue & Ireland’s Defence Minister and also one of the Minister Of Agricultures close colleagues from the Irish government. Knowing I was going to meet the Irish delegation the following day I decided to do a bit of Research. The Fianna Fail political party which they are members of are in alliance with the Social Democrats and Labour Party. The main aim of the party is to unite North and South Ireland. The Minister has a background in farming, was living in Australia for a short while then returned too the family farm in Donegal when his father died. He is married with 2 children.

THE COW SCRAPPAGE SCHEME: Individually I spoke with 3 members of the Irish Govt delegation, they  each said ‘the cow scrappage scheme is not legislation yet, its voluntary. Dept Agriculture calculated in Oct 2022 that Farmers could lose between 1,770 -2910 pounds (monetary) for every cow culled  I was told by each member of the Irish delegation “this legislation does not exist” its voluntary

AGRI-BUSINESSES:  I questioned the Minister Of Agriculture if the govt was pushing large Agri-business, and how would owners of small holder farms cope with the cost of setting that up, and would it be viable?  He responded “the farms in Ireland are mostly large farms, not smallholder farms, so there was no problem.”  Later in my research I found the Minister not to be entirely honest that Irish agriculture is dominated by family owned farms- approx. 140,000 farms with the average land holding of 32.5 hectares.

DAIRY FARMERS EXIT SCHEME: The EDairy News 5/3/2023 confirmed the Dairy Farmers Exist Scheme. Farmers are to cut emissions by 25% by 2030.  Nationally across the whole of Ireland 51%  cut in emissions, that’s includes transport buildings etc by 2030.

LAND GRABBING: I also mentioned Land and Water Grabbing in Ireland, there was no denial it was happening. There was no denial that large Agribusinesses are threatening small holder farms, when I said that farmers could not compete with them hence they become backed into a corner with nowhere to go but to walk away or sell out. There is a pressure to make profits is tearing farm families apart, farmers that are debt ridden. A high court decision was made that farmers cannot be forced to sell their land to clear debts.

IRELANDS LANDSCAPE: Ireland has fertile soils, abundant rainfall, is suited for growing ryegrass an excellent inexpensive feed for livestock. There is a rich tradition of stockman-ship and crop husbandry with farming skills down through at least 200 generations. There are the remains of a 5,000 yr old Stone Age Farming landscape of stone walled fields, and a preserved blanket of bog growing beneath the soil. Farmers are known for their highly organized communities, they work together on clearing hundreds of acres of forestry thus dividing their land into fields for cattle rearing. Beef and milk production are the two most important farming sectors accounting for 66% of Irelands exports (€1bn per month in 2018) an estimated annual 13.6 bn that year..

2.BEEF FARMING: Ireland is the largest beef exporter in Europe, one of the largest in the world. 85% of dairy output is exported. Irish agriculture is dominated by family owned farms,. Ireland has rich green grass 9-10 months per year

ENVIRONMENT FACTS: Agriculture GHG emission 2020 31.7%. Transport Sector represents 17.9%. Emissions from Irish power generation and industrial companies has increased by 15% (2 million tonnes in 2021.  Ireland is one of 187 parties to have ratified the Paris Agreement, committing to limit global warming to well below 2.oC, pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5Oc

EU LEGISLATION: In September 2022 the Commission also called on Ireland and ten other Member States to introduce national legislation to prevent and reduce the impact of certain plastic products, as required by the EU Single-Use Plastics Directive

FUNDING IRELAND’S TRANSITION: To become the first Climate Neutral continent by 2050, means significant investment from both public and private. The EU Green Deal Investment Plan creates a framework to facilitate sustainable investments of at least one trillion pounds (money) over the next decade. A European Commission assessment of Ireland’s National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) states that potential funding from EU sources to Ireland between 2021 and 2027 amounts up to €13.3 billion, much of which can help with the country’s transition to a low-carbon economy.. Ireland will be using €989 million for ‘Recovery and Resilience Plan for responding to the Covid pandemic crisis to fund other Carbon reduction initiatives.

IRELAND’S SMART CITIES: EU is supporting Ireland Green Transition to ‘Mission Cities’. A 100 Climate Neutral Smart Cities by 2030. Cities of Cork and Dublin are two of these. Mission Cities receive  €360 from Horizon Europe funding covering the period 2022/23 to start innovation paths towards climate neutrality.

IRELAND’S AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL SCHEMES

THE AGRI-CLIMATE RURAL ENVIRONMENT SCHEMES (ACRES): The Agri-Climate Rural Environment Scheme (ACRES) will deliver significant long-term environmental improvement through participation by a significant number of farmers on the most appropriate land, with each making a strong improvement on their farm. Using a habitats-based approach, delivered through both prescription and results-based actions, ACRES will contribute significantly to achieving improved biodiversity, climate, air and water quality outcomes.

THE ECO-SCHEME: A new initiative this CAP funded by funding 25% of the direct payments ceiling – is to reward farmers for undertaking actions beneficial to the climate, environment, water quality and biodiversity, and will be implemented annually, with farmers having the opportunity to opt in or out on an annual basis. The Eco-scheme will be open to all active farmers in the country, or groups of active farmers. Farmers must deliver at least two of the following agricultural practices::-

(1) Space for Nature (Non-productive areas and landscape features). GAEC 8 and Space for Nature calculation.

(2). Extensive livestock production

(3). Limiting chemical nitrogen usage

(4) Planting of native trees/hedgerows.

(5). Use of GPS controlled spreader and/or sprayer

(6).Soil sampling and appropriate liming. (7). Planting a break crop (8) Sowing a multi-species sward.

ORGANIC FARMING SCHEME: The Organic Farming Scheme will support farmers who want to convert from conventional farming systems to organic farming systems, as well as to support its continuation after the initial period of conversion – a maximum of two years. It will increase the area of land farmed organically in Ireland, as well as increase the number of sustainable farming systems to deliver enhanced environmental and animal welfare benefits and help respond to the increasing demand for organically produced food.

THE SHEEP IMPROVEMENT SCHEME: Provides financial support for actions that improve animal health and welfare in the sheep sector. The Sheep Improvement Scheme will contribute to improved welfare through targeted interventions in lameness control, parasite control, genetic improvement, flystrike, and appropriate supplementation. Farmers in the scheme get €12 per breeding ewe for completing flock welfare measures.

THE STRAW INCORPORATION MEASURE (SIM):Is a payment for chopping straw and incorporating it into the soil.

AREAS OF NATURAL CONSTRAINTS: This scheme provides payments to people farming land in designated areas face significant hardships from factors such as remoteness, difficult topography, climatic problems and poor soil conditions.

TARGETED AGRICULTURE MODERNISATION SCHEMES (TAMS) Provides grant aid to farmers to build and/or improve a specified range of farm buildings and equipment on their holding. Details of the new €370m five year scheme, including eligible items, grant aid levels

CAP FUNDED ECO SCHEME: A new initiative in Ireland is the CAP funded Eco Scheme by funding 25% of the direct payments ceiling thus rewarding farmers for undertaking actions beneficial to the climate, environment, water quality and biodiversity, and will be implemented annually, with farmers having the opportunity to opt in or out on an annual basis.

THE EU COMMISSION AND IRELAND’S GREEN DEAL: The European Commission is promoting investment into cutting edge research to tackle Climate Change

IRELAND’S CAP STRATEGY PLAN 2023-2027: Equates to enhancing market orientation short and long term by including greater focus on research and technology.EU are working with Ireland’s Govt encouraging them to protect bogs- (the bog restoration projects

IRISH FARMERS FEAR BANKRUPTCY: Small holder farmers are now leaning towards the political right, many believe they will go bankrupt. It’s obvious a lot of pressure is being put on Ireland Government to comply to Legislations. Ireland is a EU Member Country. EU Commission has huge powers.

A LAND GRAB TIDAL WAVE WAS LARGELY HIDDEN FROM PUBLIC VIEW: In Ireland the  wider EU. This land grabbing is a serious threat for the food sovereignty of our peoples by large scale industrial agriculture. 

IRISH HILL FARMERS: A plan to rewet over 200,000 hectares. This land grabbing is a serious threat for the food sovereignty of our peoples … by large scale industrial agriculture, of farmed peatland in Ireland by 2050 has been blasted as a land grab (12 Oct 2022 The Farmers Journal). Shannon Land Gab having a huge effect on the economy in west of Ireland,

THE EU COMMISSION HAS A LOT OF POWER: In September 2022, the European Commission called on Ireland to take action to stop the cutting of peat within Special Areas of Conservation (SACs). If Ireland fails to respond to the call, the Commission could decide to refer Ireland to the Court of Justice of the European Union. The Commission previously sent Ireland a formal notice and a reasoned opinion on protecting raised bogs back in 2011.

EU LEGISLATION APPLIED TO EACH MEMBER STATE: The European Commission is responsible for ensuring EU legislation is applied in each Member State and has previously launched infringement procedures against Ireland over breaches of environmental law. For example, a landslide during excavation work for Derrybrien Wind Farm caused extensive environmental damage, resulting in the Commission taking Ireland to court in 2008. The EU’s Court of Justice found that Ireland had failed to carry out an environmental impact assessment for the wind farm and imposed a one-off financial sanction of €5 million and ordered that daily penalties of €15,000 be paid until such time as the breaches were rectified.

LATEST ENVIRONMENT NEWS -IRELAND : 14^th March 2023. EU has proposed to reform electricity market design to accelerate a surge in renewable, phase out gas.  14^th February 2023 The EU has proposed ambitious new CO2 emissions target for new heavy duty vehicles from 2030 onwards. 26^th January 2023. The EU Commission started taking procedures against Ireland for non-compliance with EU Law. Refers to ‘calling on Ireland to reduce emissions of several air pollutants, to comply with certain regulation on the dissemination of terrorist content online.

IRELAND AND CENSORSHIP: :July 2022 EU countries to take certain measures to prevent the spread of certain terrorist propaganda. Measures include designating an authority responsible for issuing removal orders, creating rules for when companies fail to remove harmful content from their platform. In 2022 Ireland had no specific laws covering Internet Censorship. Online and Social Media companies are not subject to regulation by the State for content that is shared on their platforms. However Ireland has a Data Privacy Acts 1988-2018 designed to protect people privacy. The legislation confers rights on individuals to the privacy of their personal data as well as responsibilities on those persons holding and processing such data.

MEDIA THAT’S BANNED IN IRELAND: Pornography that includes any participants being beneath the Irish age of consent is strictly illegal. This includes videos, DVD, film, photographs, digital files, drawings and text descriptions. There are no other laws banning specific types of pornography in Ireland.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: In Ireland a ‘bog’ is a wetland. It is covered with mosses, plant and pools of water, below the surface is all made of peat, This looks like solid land, it is like a spongy carpet.

JUST ONE FOR THE ROAD: Paddy looking pretty rough, but never mind that, because Paddy doesn’t mind that at all. Paddy has the cheek of old Nick, so to speak.  In for a laugh in for a pound.

Paddy saunters into this very flash Harley Street doctors office. He asks this well spoken doctor “Do you treat alcoholics”. The doctor answered Paddy in a respectful manner “Why certainly Sir”…“Great” said Paddy, grab yer coat and in can buy me a few pints cos I’m  absolutely skint”

‘CHEERS’  Happy Belated Saint Paddy’s Day

https://wakeupnz.org   Carol Sakey.

The ‘QUEER AVENGERS’ MARCH was September 26^th 2011 Central Wellington it started at Ministry Of Education Courtyard and went through to Lambton Key . The first political activist EWcampaign of its kind in New Zealand, to queer the schools in New Zealand.  The word ‘Queer’ was used to mash to multiple transgender diversity that was being promoted throughout NZ by the Queer Avengers and the Socialist Marxist Far Left Workers Party NZ. Byron Clark mayoral campaign in Christchurch 2007 representing the Workers Party NZ. He was a key player and wrote articles in ‘The Spark’ and ‘Fightback’ magazine published by the Workers Party NZ. He is the author of the book ‘FEAR’ that targets anyone that speaks up in opposition to NZ Govt. He names those in his book.. Voices for Freedom, Counter Spin, Groundswell Lee Williams, myself and many others. He character assassinate all those that resided Parliaments grounds. He holds seminars and workshops at Massey University and writes for the main stream news. His book is in the governments archives. Those that speak out about the governments narratives he calls ‘the hostile underworld of extremists’

WHY DID IRELAND’S AGRICULTURE MINISTER -MICHAEL McCONLOGUE AND HIS DELEGATIONS RECENTLY VISIT NZ.?

They visited Auckland, Christchurch, Wellington. They were visiting 74 cities in 44 countries. Cities in China-Shanghai and Beijing and Hong Kong. Melbourne, Canberra, Perth Berlin, cities across the US, Germany etc., etc.,  This was called the ‘ Global Ireland’ strategy, and  specifically requested a visit to NZ. Irelands Agriculture Minister had been previous engagements before with Damien O’Connor where Ireland & NZ Govts have been collaborating in the areas of agriculture, sustainability, emissions reductions and food space. Both Governments have similar agricultural models which are pasture based, therefore looking for common solutions.

NZ & Ireland share a joint research initiative, funded by both countries to the tune of $11.9 million, to identify new tools and new technologies and to reduce emissions on grass based production systems. NZ and Ireland Govts collaborating & investing together.

NZ and Ireland together embracing change, new dimensions from the food point of view, also reducing the emission footprint.  Ireland’s Agriculture Minister said “to achieve this, everyone must be pulling the same way on one rope, everyone on the same page- it’s easier to generate fear and farmers have always been innovative & transformative- this is a new innovation & transformation that is required”

The  Irish Govts delegations global tour is about emphasising the importance of Irelands membership to the EU, This being Ireland’s 50^th anniversary of accession to the EU Communities. To re-affirm their steadfast commitment to Ukraine, to connect with Irish communities overseas and to further build on relationships with key political, business leaders, decision makers, influencers and stakeholders across the world. Whilst in NZ  Ireland’s delegation took part in a ceremonial handover of two ‘inshore patrol vessels which the Irish Govt purchased of the NZ Govt. (Published Dept Of Defence 14/3/2023) which took place at Devonport Naval Base. The vessels had be purchased in 2022 for $26 million. The two vessels were restored, refitted at Devonport Naval Base with specific equipment required by Ireland’s Navy Service, that the Irish Govt require for the evolving nature of security at seas to safeguard Irelands waters and to enhance maritime security activities (Report by Irelands Minister defence Michael Martin). The inshore patrol vessels are part of the acquisitions for strategic measures being implemented by Ireland’s government, to increase the capabilities of Ireland Naval Service.

Michael Malone, Commodore of the Irish Navy said “The NZ purchased inshore patrol vessels (IPV’s) will strengthen Irelands Naval fleet by introducing new ‘Electronic Warfare’, Intelligence gathering capabilities, protect Irish interests. The NZ vessels were the former HMNZ Rotoiti  & Pukaki. The overall length of the Inshore Patrol vessels are 55 metres, length waterline- 50.6 metres. Beam moulded-9 metres, draft moulded-2.43 metres, propellers- 2.9 metres. Height (keel to top of mast) 20 metres

https://www.farmersweekly.co.nz/politics/irelands-ag-minister-hails-kiwi-irish-synergies/

https://www.agriland.ie/farming-news/mcconalogue-to-visit-new-zealand-this-st-patricks-day/

https://www.gov.ie/en/press-release/2ae2a-ceremonial-handover-of-two-inshore-patrol-vessels-ipvs-from-the-new-zealand-government-to-the-irish-government/