Carol Sakey
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A DIRE WARNING FOR ALL NEW ZEALANDER’S ‘CAN WE STOP THIS BEFORE IT’S TOO LATE’?

THE ‘BEEHIVE’  MASS MIGRATION BILL THESE ARE VALID REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD BE CONCERNED

UNEMPLOYMENT: 4th July 2024  ANZ reported that Job seeker numbers jump 40,000 more people are expected to be out of work by 2025 (Stuff NZ) Unemployment is rising, the number of people on Job seeker has risen by 14,000 compared to June last year. 40,000 plus people could be without a job by the end of this year. For many this is mentally challenging. Ministry Of Social Development data shows week ending June 30th 2024 there were 113,415 people work ready on job seeker support, receiving a weekly payment that supports people until they can find work. This has jumped up by 14,709 from the week ending 30th June 2023.   June 14 to June 21, 2024, recipients had jumped by 702. People on the Jobseeker Support- Health Condition or Disability also increased from 73,836 to 82,482 in the same period.

MASSIVE SHORTAGE OF JOBS: 18th April 2018 The Beehive  replayed Jacinda Ardern’s speech she made at the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Foundation in Berlin, as she shared the platform with Chanceller Angela Merkel. The topic was Progressive and Inclusive Growth, she introduced her speech embracing the fact that she had in previous years been the President of the International Union of Socialist Youth and had attended the UN during that time.. where she said she discussed the emerging financial crisis with other Socialist members, saying she sensed a global uncertainty at the time. Is universal basic income on the way?

GOVERNMENT CHOOSES MESSAGES OF FEAR OR HOPE: Then Ardern changed course with her speech to that of Globalization, saying “of course its not new, in NZ we have grappled with this issue and its impact for decades, the sense of insecurity has strengthened over the years. Globalization has been distributed disproportionately to the few, there’s a growing sense that ordinary people  are working harder and harder just to stay in the same place”, she said. Ardern then added “rapid technological change is happening in every country, even in New Zealand where the workforce faces the prospect of ‘that more than 45% of jobs will no longer exist or be completely replaced  within just 2 decades. We can offer a message of hope, or one of fear” As politicians we have a choice as to how we respond to this growing, but justifiable dissatisfaction. “We either offer a message of hope, or a message of fear” she said.. The whole of NZ Government knew about the risk of 45% unemployment within 2 decades in 2018.  Reuters News August 7th 2024  (Asia/Pacific) Refers to  NZ’s Rising Jobless Rate.  Rising unemployment in NZ, annual wage growth at 2 year low.

HOUSING: Housing Crisis in New Zealand has persists after 4 decades. 24th August 2023. Over a hundred thousand people in New Zealand are experiencing homelessness.. Increasing property costs are an economic burden, affecting the living standards and mental wellbeing of  families.  40 percent living in overcrowded homes. 14th March 2024 NZ Herlad ‘NZs Housing Crisis Has Not Eased And It’s Going To Get Worse. ANZ It’s a Case of Back To The Future says ANZ Economists as they refer to NZ’s widening Housing Deficit (30/5/2023) Surging migration and falling residential construction has seen the return of the housing deficit.

HOUSE RENTALS: Auckland’s Housing Crisis, severe shortage of housing. Rent value continues to climb, standing at $690 per week, a 6% increase from the same period last year. . Demographics reveals that renters under the age of 30 constitute the largest segment, comprising 34.3% of those actively searching for properties. Closely behind are those aged 30-39, representing 32.9% of the market. However, it’s important to note that the housing crisis extends beyond generation gaps, with significant percentages of renters in their 40s, 50s, and even 60s and above grappling with the challenges of finding suitable accommodation.

AFFORDABLE HOMES: The shortage of affordable housing in Auckland has far-reaching consequences, impacting individuals, families, and the broader community. High rental prices strain household budgets, leaving many families struggling to make ends meet. For younger generations, soaring rents pose a significant barrier to saving for homeownership, perpetuating a cycle of renting and financial instability. Furthermore, inadequate housing options contribute to overcrowding and homelessness, exacerbating social inequalities and compromising public health.

HEALTH:  Funding for Health fails to keep up with Inflation or demand- (Doctors Union) 13th May 2024 . Taxpayers money that is earmarked for Health every year is failing to keep pace with inflation or demand,               1 in 3 NZrs are missing out on Healthcare of some kind (Said Doctors Union Report) Patients are being caught in the revolving doors of the Health System. “If you don’t get preventative care, then you end up in the emergency system. If you end up in the emergency system, you end up in the hospital. Then the Hospital cannot deliver the planned care, therefore people who need planned care deteriorate, need more support in Primary Care. Then Primary Care gets busier, can’t support people so they end up in emergency care, this is the cycle that’s happening where people cannot get their health needs met, this is just terrible

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE: Prof Robin Gauld University of Otago Centre for Health Systems said that “health funding is not sufficient to meet current demand, never has been and does now, let alone in the future, it’s a national scandal”  13th August 2024 ‘The Post’ News..A Health System On The Brink of Failure’. . Access to Primary Healthcare is a crucial yet a ¼ million Kiwi’s cannot even register with a local GP. This is a daily reality for thousands of families. Parents unable to get timely care for their sick children. Elderly patients struggling to manage chronic health conditions without regular checkups, working adults delay treatment for health issues that are left unchecked which could become serious and life threatening

G P SHORTAGE: Ripple through communities, Longer waiting times, overcrowded emergency depts dealing with issues that should be handled in Primary Care. Increased stress on Health Workforce. In Rural areas the situation is often more dire, with some communities being left with no GP services at all.

NZ MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEM FAILUIRE:  This is a real threat to NZ’s public Health System. Solving the GP Crisis is not just about healthcare.. Youth Mental Health is experiencing a rolling crisis with increased waiting times (10/4/2024. NZ Mental Health Service is broken in NZ states World Mental Health Foundation. NZ Doctors say this is ‘soul destroying to see NZ Mental Health System no longer fit for purpose (Study 500 Physicians 19/9/2023)

INFRASTRUCTURE: ‘ TRANSPORT’ The $200 Billion Problem. How broken is NZ Infrastructure?  (27/3/2024 Stuff. NZ) Refers to years and years of under-investment in the current infrastructure. NZ Herald 25th June 2024 NZs Infrastructure woes. How do we fix a $1 trillion problem? The Government is being warned that it must invest in New Zealand’s ageing infrastructure – or face the prospect of a major disaster. It comes after a week of infrastructure woes, with the Defence Force plane breaking down, a track fault cancelling all trains in Auckland, widespread power cuts in Northland, and an Interisland ferry running aground. On Friday, the Aratere Inter-islander ferry was on its way to Wellington when it experienced steering failure just outside Picton. The same ferry that lost power in 2023 when 538 people were on board.

A TRILLION DOLLARS TO FIX: Investment ‘infrastructure” “The Government’s worst nightmare would be something more like last year’s Kaitaki incident if that ferry had not narrowly avoided disaster. There were 864 people on board, the ship lost power in Cook Strait and started drifting towards Wellington’s rocky south coast and issued a Mayday call. New Zealand has under-invested in core infrastructure for years, well below the average OECD spend. ASB estimates it is going to cost about $1 trillion to fix our infrastructure and bring it up to standard.

LOCAL GOVT ACT 2002 ‘ THE ADDED COST TO NZ RATE PAYERS: 24th June 2024 NZ Herald ‘NZs Infrastructure  caused by a lack of long term thinking..refers to decaying infrastructure. However 2002 The Local Govt Bill, before it was passed as legislation the government knew that there was a major loophole in the Act, where businesses could not be fined, brought before the courts for dumping contaminate waste water, which could have been fixed within a month but 2 decades later and still not fixed.  27th January 2021 RNZ reported that a drafting error was stopping contamination fines, which could have been fixed within a month referring to the Local Govt Act 2002

NEGLECTFUL ‘IGNORANCE OF GOVERNMENT’ :Never mind ‘Just Blame the Farmers’ rather than admit blame themselves. An RNZ investigation found at least 270 companies had breached trade waste water consents in one year, none faced prosecution Council pleas fell on death ears for almost 20 years. In 2021 it was said that Nanaia Mahuta Local  Govt Minister needs to get her A into G and set some penalties, amend the legislation. Stuart Crosby President of Local Government NZ lobbied for 18 years for change, for the government to close the loophole. Brand name companies across NZ were breaching waste water consents several times a year. Ammonia, toxins and other hazardous wastes were being leached into drains. Ammonia eating away pipes under the ground, where vehicles and people have fallen into this broken infrastructure. 2024 and still not fixed.  The Govt preferring an Educational point of view to deal with the breaching of waste water consents rather than fining companies. A huge expense for Rates Payers to fork out.

THE STATE OF NZ ROADS: RNZ 9th January 2024 ‘They are a Laughing Stock’. Anger Over State Highway One’ ‘POTHOLES’. Several sections of NZs state highways are described as in ‘shocking condition’. The Automobile Association (AA) saying that State Highway 1 is the ‘poor shop window’ of a network riddled with potholes and road surface issues. There are reports of roads being in horrendous condition, just patches on patches. Transport Minister Simeon Brown said in the Morning Report that the State Of NZ Roads are in the 100day plan. National promised in the election $500 million dollar ‘Pothole Repair Fund’. This is merely a band-aid approach. Remember Marsden Point produced 70% of the bitumen used on NZ Roads, and the Labour led govt closed Marsden. Leaving NZrs with a boat without a paddle- sink or swim. No quick fix.. Buying international bitumen does not have the same quality as the Bitumen produced at Marsden Point.

EDUCATION: Christopher Luxon Education achievement has declined over the last 30 years, 2/3rds of students are failing to pass minimum literacy and numeracy standards for NCEA, 98% of Decile One Year 10 students failed a basic writing test, jeopardizing children’s futures.  The Education Dept  Government is failing our young, they are being dumbed down. Start teaching them their ABCs instead of their LGBTQ1+++ and stop teaching race based ideologies.

DEFICIT IN CLASSROOMS: RNZ reports 4th July 2024 ‘New Schools and Classrooms Urgently Needed In High Growth Areas, Ministry Warns. Reference was made to a Briefing Pape  April 2024 ‘ “ A roll bulge (increase) moving through secondary schools, referring to migration bringing an extra 20,800 school children. 10,400 of them to Auckland.  A briefing warned “postposing new schools could create overcrowding at existing schools in high growth areas”. Reference was made to infrastructure where school buildings are designed to fill a capacity of 1200 students and now there are 1400 students in those schools (where the water pressure drops because of the amount of flushing going on and the amount of water used.

MIGRATION ‘MASS MIGRATION’ INSANITY : The Beehive speaker Erica Stanford Minister for Immigration. ‘Unsustainable Migration’ Year 2023 – 2024 migration was 173,000 non-New Zealand citizens. Rember we have 400,000 people without jobs on the jobseeker until they can find jobs, under the Traffic Lights System, Jacinda Ardern’s words in 2018 45% unemployment in NZ within 2 decades. Homeless is still a huge problem and Rents increasing significantly. School infrastructure not coping, infrastructure needs major maintenance, waiting times for doctors, emergency depts dealing with cases that could be seen by a doctor, but several weeks waiting to see some GPs.

IMMIGRATION NZ IS CORRUPT TO THE CORE:  As Immigration staff tell of behind the scenes dysfunction to RNZ News 3rd September 2023.  Immigration officers told to ignore criminal conviction, ignore investigations, ignore warns, ignored attached documents, grant applications for work, student, visitor and residence visa’s. Take all on face value. Pass as quickly as possible. Those that pass the most get a ‘shout out” those whom are too slow get a ‘warning’ Do not query, use a streamline approach on visitors visa’s. If migration staff declined an application senior managers over-ruled it. Immigration staff were deeply unhappy about this, with some leaving their jobs. It was those that left their jobs that reported this to RNZ . Immigration NZ corrupt to the core. Surely this is a National Security Risk.

THE MASS MIGRATIONS BILL May 2024 Beehive. Amending provisions of the 2009 Immigration Act. Preparing for mass migration arrival in NZ, preserving Human Rights for Migrants. Note like other countries, where there is mass migration in Britain they have further increased their Hate Speech, censoring and monitoring laws. NZ Police website rfer to ‘Perceived Hate Speech that is likely to hurt a persons feelings, to be reported, and record on Police Data Records.

BEEHIVE’ MASS MIGRATION BILL’ READING: Sitting date 1/5/2024 Minister of Immigration Erica Stanford National Party. P[resented the Bill in Parliament saying Mass Migration Arrivals into NZ are likely. Refers to NZ Border settings. Mass Migration to NZ is very real, NZ must be prepared for mass arrivals. Irregular (means Unlawful) maritime mass migrant arrivals will have their rights ensured, upheld as if they were Regular Migrants (Legal)

UN LAUNCHES RECOMMENDATIONS FOR URGENT MISINFORMATION, DISINFORMATION:- HATE SPEECH 24TH June 2024 . Global Principles for Information Integrity address risks posed by advances in AI. Misinformation, disinformation, hate speech and other risks to the information ecosystem are fueling conflict, threatening democracy and human rights, and undermining public health and climate action. “The United Nations Global Principles for Information Integrity aim to empower people to demand their rights,” said the Secretary-General. “At a time when billions of people are exposed to false narratives, distortions and lies, these principles lay out a clear path forward, firmly rooted in human rights, including the rights to freedom of expression and opinion.”  The UN chief issued an urgent appeal to government, tech companies, advertisers and the PR industry to step up and take responsibility for the spread and monetization of content that results in harm. Building a future with Migrants (UN Expert) Geneva 18th December 2023

UN AGENDA 2030’GLOBAL  MIGRATION GOVERNANCE’ Legal frameworks must be people-centred, human rights-based and gender-responsive to ensure social inclusion of all groups in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This process must include migrants. Efforts should be made to improve the ability, opportunity and dignity of migrants to be fully integrated into societies. eliminate all forms of discriminatory narratives and hate speech against migrants. Must have access to information, adequate housing, health, development, family life, freedom of religion or belief, cultural rights, and education.

NZ GOVERNMENT STRONGLY SUPPORTS INTERNATIONAL RULES BASED ORDER: Migration is at the core of UN Agenda 2030 , global development goals for the 21st century and beyond. Mass migration does not promise to deliver  economic benefits. It puts enormous pressure on housing (the rental market) and affects home ownership, , public health services,  education, transport, infrastructure and the Health System

UN AGENDA 2030: The COVID plandemic did not quite cut the cloth so to speak. Mass Migration is quick and effective  and highly responsive, transformative in social and behavioral engineering. Not forgetting Corporate Capture (WEF feet under the table of the UN). UN documents that the Mayors Migration Council and the Mayors Mitigation Council  have been a very influencing factor in mass migration in westernized countries. Local Government such as Auckland Council are being referred to as City Governments) C40 Cities are partner in arms as to the global agenda for mass migration (noted by the UN) Auckland is a C40 City. (Noted on their website WEF Fourth Industrial Revolution.

MASS MIGRATION IS ALREADY HAPPENING IN NZ AND ITS GOING TO GET MUCH WORSE…LOOK WHATS HAPPENING IN THE US, ACROSS EUROPE, UK..THEY LEFT IT TOO LATE.. WILL WE, NEW ZEALAND ALSO DO THE SAME?  OBVIOUSLY MIGRATION IS IMPLEMENTED GLOBALLY ADOPTED LOCALLY- NATIONALLY

WakeUpNZ  NOW

Researcher: Cassie (Carol Sakey)

MASS MIGRATION NZ

LINKS:

https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/12/building-future-migrants-un-expert

https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/government-responds-unsustainable-net-migration

https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/435291/drafting-error-stopping-contamination-fines-could-be-fixed-in-month

INCREASE MIGRATION AND EDUCATION:  Many teachers are saying that its increased immigration that has significantly caused this problem that now exists. So what happens when it comes to mass migration?

. https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/521227/new-schools-and-classrooms-urgently-needed-in-high-growth-areas-ministry-warns

Let’s not continue to fail our children

https://www.stuff.co.nz/money/350330074/jobseeker-numbers-jump-40000-more-expected-be-out-work-2025

https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/435291/drafting-error-stopping-contamination-fines-could-be-fixed-in-month

https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/new-zealands-jobless-rate-rises-46-second-quarter-2024-08-06/

https://www.beehive.govt.nz/speech/progressive-and-inclusive-growth-sharing-benefits

https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/nzs-infrastructure-woes-how-do-we-fix-a-1-trillion-problem-the-front-page/ZHXJABV5GVBT7JWROAVAAKPZII/

https://www.thepost.co.nz/nz-news/350375227/health-system-brink-failure

https://www.charlton.co.nz/addressing-aucklands-housing-shortage-a-call-to-action

https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/nzs-housing-crisis-has-not-eased-and-its-going-to-get-worse-dominic-foote/TPZHXEJS3RA2RI5XV2IO6SA5MI/

https://www.thepost.co.nz/nz-news/350375227/health-system-brink-failure

https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/506291/laughing-stock-anger-over-state-highway-1-potholes

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Other Blog Posts

STOP THE GOVERNMENT WAS USING THE NZ FARMER AS THEIR WHIPPING BOY

‘NO FARMERS- NO FOOD’.

It was reported May 28th 2021 that there was a widespread protest movement building againgst Fonterra for the damage Fonterra are wreaking on  environmental and human health, protests held in Dunedin, Wellington and Auckland.

Two protests being staged outside Fonterra’s offices in Auckland and Wellingtin with others blocking railways tracks in Dunedin, it was said that Fonterra is NZ’s worst polluter and people were upset about it, that the Government have left Fonterra out of the emissions trading scheme.

The article by Scoope.co.nz reported that waste water from Fonterra factories were dumped onto neighbour farms which are Fonterras Ghost Farms, that pollute neighbours water in their drinking wells, that they had to install expensive filters to combat this

For further information on Fonterra and its contaminating NZ’s waterways, leaching of contaminants pleaclick on the link in the image above which will take you to my rumble video.  Please share and ‘Support our Farmers’

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ARDERN PROMISED KIWI’S TRANSFORMATION- AND THAT’S WHAT WE HAVE ‘A GODLESS EVIL TRANSFORMATION’

Ardern boasted in her speech of 2019 at the DAVOS gathering how she was the first in the world to introduce a ‘Wellbeing Budget’. Now on her 4th ‘Wellbeing Budget’ of ‘Looking Beyond Growth’. Under Arderns authoritarian Government ‘what’s growth got to do with it’? ZILCH.

Institutionalised Racism had bludgeoned our beautiful New Zealand.

Hundreds of people sleeping in cars.  Children that have never known a permenant roof over their heads to call home. Individuals, Families living in Motels . Its hard to believe that once we were a nation of Kiwi’s that were able to live the dream have our own home.  Now we must expect that our grown ault family will have no place to live and therefore return home to the family nest. Automony lost, building worth in life through innovation and achievement being destroyed.

Those that have managed to save 10% deposit for a house are not about to find that their equity of 10% will potentially decrease to 1% as house price decrease and mortgage interest rates increase.

The downward hill of the plundering of New Zealand started some time ago, it has become more evident as it is much more advanced now, in your face so to speak. The transformation that Ardern did not publically speak about was the plundering of small businesses, jobs in New Zealand, the farming community, to replace the Free market economy with a Multistakeholder Corporate economy.

High density housing is all part of the plan UN Habitat 3. All major cities in New Zealand will become high density, highly populaties cities with increased surveillance. Increased migration from third would countries, the deliberate destruction of nationhood.  UN Assembly- it was announded that Nationalism is a threat to multilateralism.  Multilaterism  (globalism). Nationalism equals tradions, cultures, loyalty to your own country, law abiding citizens that have been labelled as far right, right wing for standing up for human rights, civil liberties in our nation, our beautiful country of New Zealand thats be tarnished and stained with a Godless evilness of Marxist, Leftist, Socialist Authoritarism with over-riding characteristics of Communism. New Zealand sadly I say has become a police state.

 

NOTE:  CLICK ON THE IMAGE ABOVE THIS WILL LINK YOU TO MY RUMBLE VIDEO AS TO MORE INFORMATION AS TO ARDERNS TRANSFORMATION OF NEW ZEALAND.

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NZ LABOUR LED GOVT MAKE WEALTHY A TRILLION DOLLARS RICHER

Pandemic has boosted wealth to the super rich. The share of household wealth owned by billionaires has risen by a record amount during the pandemic.

Reuters reported that The World Inequality Report produced by a network of social scientists estimated that billionaires this year collected 3.5% of global household wealth.

The Pandemic has exacerbated inequalities between the very wealthy and the rest of the population.

Wealth is a major source of future economic gain and increasing power and influence which will further increase inequality. Extreme concentration of economic power in the hands of a small minority of the super rich

Findings of existing studies ‘rich lists’ and other evidence points to a rise in health, social, gender and other inequalities.

Forbes annual world’s billionaire’s list this year included a record breaking 2,755 billionaires with a combined worth of $13.1 trillion, up from $8 trillion last year

The Spinoff News NZ  reported the richest saw their wealth soar during the pandemic  (13 December 2021)

Bloomberg News reported ‘Rich Americans activate pandemic escape plans’, Interest in NZ bunkers have surged.

For years, New Zealand has featured prominently in the doomsday survival plans of wealthy Americans worried that, say, a killer germ might paralyze the world.

Rising S Co. has planted about 10 private bunkers in New Zealand over the past several years. The average cost is $3 million for a shelter weighing about 150 tons, but it can easily go as high as $8 million with additional features like luxury bathrooms, game rooms, shooting ranges, gyms, theaters and surgical beds.

Newshub NZ Reports 17th February 2021 COVID19- Poverty, inequality rising in New Zealand ‘bold action needed’- Salvation Army’s State of the Nation Report

National Party Press Release 9th April 2021- Dr Shane Reti Nationals Health Spokesman called Finance Minister Grant Robertson out for making the  serious issue of underfunded cancer drugs that Pharmac will not fund. Hence the wealthy can afford these cancer drugs and take up public hospital bed space whilst others that cannot afford these necessary cancer drugs go without.

Hundreds of Kiwi’s are struggling to pay for their unfunded chemotherapy drugs, many resorting to crowdfunding in order to save their lives. Its government regulations that stop cancer medicines that are not funded by Pharmac.  Yet the 4th Booster for COVID19 is now available without being fully tested on trials for New Zealanders.

We have a Labour led government that has no conscience, bears no shame and takes no blame., these are very dangerous characteristics.

Yet since the pandemic arrived on NZ shores the wealthy have become one trillion dollars wealthier.

Much is being planned behind the closed doors of Wellington to further control New Zealanders lives

 

NOTE: Please click on the link within the image above which will take you to my video for further information.

 

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WAKE UP NZ VAERS IS A PASSIVE REPORTING SYSTEM FOR ADVERSE EVENTS ‘COVID-19 JABS’

VAERS is a passive reporting system, (meaning it relies on individuals to send in reports of their experiences to CDC and FDA). Passive surveillance of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) is a spontaneous reporting system, affected by under-reporting limitations  (Carol Sakey)

ORIGINAL RESEARCHFREQUENCY & ASSOCIATIONS OF ADVERSE REACTIONS OF COVID-19 VACCINES REPORTED IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE US. 3rd February 2022 – Sec. Infectious Diseases – Surveillance, Prevention and Treatment.  (Department Of Population- Based Medicine. Institute of Health Sciences, University of Tubingen, Germany)

This study aims to provide a risk assessment of the adverse reactions related to COVID19 vax’s manufactured by AstraZeneca, Janssen, Moderna and Pfizer BioNTech which have been in used since Dec 2020 and Oct 2021 in the European Union and the US.

Data from the European Database of Suspected Adverse Drug Reaction (EudraVigliance) and the Vaccine Averse Events Reporting System (VAERS) FROM 2020 TO October 2021 as analysed. There were more than 7.8 millions adverse reaction of about 1.6 millions persons are included in the study. The COVID19 Vax Adverse reaction was compared to the adverse reaction to the influenza vaccine exposures.

There was a higher risk of reporting serious adverse reactions for COVID 19 Vax’s in comparison to influenza vaccines. Individuals over the age of 65years were associated with a nigher frequency of death, hospitalisation and life threatening reactions than younger individuals. The onset of serious adverse reactions occurred within the first 7 days after vaccination in 77.6 -89.1% of cases. The largest risks observed were allergic, constitutional reactions, dermatological, gastrointestinal, neurological reactions. The largest  relative risks between COVID19 vs Influenza vaccines observed were allergic reactions, arrhythmia, general cardiovasula events, coagulation, haemorrages, gastrointestinal;, ocular, sexual organs reactions and thrombosis.

CLASSIFICATION OF ADVERSE REACTIONS: There is different MedDRA Coding levels used in VAERS and EudraVigiliance therefore allow a relatively detailed description in particular medical conditions mentioned in the reports. It is necessary to take into account the different biological pathways linking vaccine expose and adverse reaction.  The medical conditions coded in VAERS are classified in 17 event categories following the Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) developed by the National Cancer Institute in the US, this is one of the oldest and most common used classification systems of adverse reactions in clinical trials

STATISICAL ANALYSIS: One of the major drawbacks of spontaneous reports of adverse reactions is the fact that the calculation of risk differences needed in causal influence is not straightforward due to under or over reporting of adverse reactions, uncertaintities regarding to the number of individuals exposed to the vaccines. In the case of COV ID19 vax programmes in the EU and US risk estimators of adverse reactions for the COVID19 vs Influenza vaccines, namely the number of individuals exposed to the COVID19 vaccines and the age distribution are known and used as the denominator to calculate the risk estimates for COVID19 vaccines

COVID-19 vaccines are associated with higher absolute risks of serious adverse outcomes in comparison to influenza vaccines used in 2020 and 2021.  In comparison of the reported adverse reaction reported across vaccine types it suggests a substantial agreement between reporting between EudraVigilance and VAERS studies, with dyspnoea, respiratory arrest, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, thrombosis, cerebral haemorrhages, and pneumonia being the adverse reactions most frequently mentioned in the death reports.

The risk estimates of adverse reactions by vaccine type and CTC category were largest for the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in both EudraVigilance and VAERS, followed by the vaccines of AstraZeneca and Moderna. mRNA and chimeric virus vaccines were obtained from pre-clinical trials assessing their effects in treatment of various cancer types such as melanoma, renal cancer, prostrate cancer, leukaemia, lung cancer. Previous research concerning the use of nucleic-acid based technology, in particular for the mRNA platform is much more limited. Only previous research on cancer immunotherapy, the spike S protein of SARS-COV-2 and the nanoparticles, the biological plausibility of the adverse reactions following COVID19 vaccination can be summarized by the action of at least three major pathophysiological mechanisms.

mRNA USED FOR IMMOTHERAPY FOR CANCER: First of all the strong immune responses must be the feature of both cancer immunotherapy and prophylactic vaccination, since their effect is basically due to the building up of a specific antigen-antibody production targeting the destruction of tumour cells in cancer immunotherapy and the induction of immunisation against viral infections in prophylactic vaccination, respectively.

Hence the nucleic-acid-based pharmaceutical technology on which the COVID-19 vaccines are based upon elicits potent immune responses via Toll-like receptos (TLR), interleukins (IL) IL-6, IL-12, interferon type 1 (IFN-1), tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), pattern recognition receptors, dendritic cell maturation, induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, among others  At the same time, however, such potent immune reactions may also increase the risks of pathophysiological mechanisms related, for instance, to tissue and organ lesions and thromboembolic events

At least for the adenovirus-vector technology, results from clinical trials indicated that adenovirus proteins may elicit acute-phase immune responses involving the release of IL-6 and TNFα and activation of innate immunity cells such as mast cells and neutrophils . In some instances, this may result in an increased likelihood of an acute shock-syndrome due to a cytokine cascade leading to disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute respiratory distress and multiorgan failure . In addition, by mechanisms which have not been fully explained so far, the pro-inflammatory environment related to the interactions between nucleic acids, TNFα, matured dendritic cells (DC) and the receptors TLR3 and TLR7 has been associated with disease progression of autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis

Despite the advances made in the reduction of the pro inflammatory risks of mRNA and vectorised pharmaceutical platforms, the induction of severe immune induced reactions such as thrombocytopenia and human erythrocyte agglutination has been previously documented with adenovirus-vectorised therapies . The present investigation suggests that all four nucleic-acid-based COVID-19 vaccines are associated with increased risks of thromboembolic events

Endotheliopathy and Coagulopathy had been observed also for all types of COVID-19 vaccines . ( Endotheliopathy, or endothelial dysfunction, is emerging as an important pathological feature in COVID-19. Transmission electron microscopy of blood vessels from autopsy specimens from patients with COVID-19 has revealed the presence of endothelial cell damage and apoptosis)   (Coagulopathy (also called a bleeding disorder) is a condition in which the blood’s ability to coagulate (form clots) is impaired.)

From this perspective it is reported that recently proposed vaccine induced immune thrombotic (VITT) maybe actually be a severe manifestation in a continuum of vaccine induced coagulopathy affecting vaccinated individuals. In particular the high frequency of adverse reactions following COVID19 vaccines than for influenza vaccines

The pathogenicity of the Spike -S of SARS-COV-2 which has been involved in the  endotheliopathy and coagulopathy(as described above) . The  spike S protein, expressed in both nucleic acid technologies of the COVID-19 vaccines reviewed here, is not only a potent activator  which may contribute to  endothelial damage, but also an enhancer of platelet aggregation and thrombus formation . In addition, the spike subunit S1 can cross the blood-brain barrier and is taken up by the neural cells, the lung, liver, kidney and spleen  Hence, it is likely that the cleaved spike protein subunit in itself has the ability to cross other types of blood endothelial barriers surrounding immune privileged organs such as the spinal cord, ovaries, testes, pregnant uterus, placenta, and eyes , potentially inducing innate immune responses.

Moreover, whereas adenovirus serotype 5 have been found to cross the blood brain barrier in the murine model, the nanolipid-complexed mRNA vaccine platform is optimised to diffuse across non-fenestrated endothelial blood barriers and, thus, due to the immune responses mentioned above, both vaccine platforms may induce in some cases a pro-inflammatory environment in the immune privileged organs. To some extent, this pathophysiological pathway involving transduction across blood barriers and subsequent immune response may partly explain some of the neurological and inflammatory reactions reported to VAERS and EudraVigilance affecting the central nervous system and the sexual organs.

Concerning the mRNA platform, a third pathway is related to the role of the lipid nanoparticles themselves used to complex the naked synthetic mRNA. Even though there have been advances to reduce the immunostimulation of lipid nanoparticles (e.g., by increasing the density of polyethylene glycol in the lipid nanoparticles , they still may elicit pathogenic anaphylactoid reactions by complement activation and enhanced platelet aggregation  (An anaphylactoid reaction is a severe, potentially life threatening allergic reaction, it can occur in minutes of expose )

The Nanoparticle realted adverse reactions may contribute to the pro inflamatory host responses and consequently increase risks of thromboembolic or anaphylactoid outcomes. In particular, the complexed mRNA will tend to bio-accumulate in the adrenal and seminal vesicle wall, liver and spleen due to the normal lipid metabolism, bloodstream distribution and the permeability of the fenestrated endothelium to the lipid nanoparticles and, hence, these organs may become target organs of toxicity (7273). In fact, previous pharmacokinetic findings on the biodistribution of nanolipid, encapsulated nucleic-acid drugs revealed that the nanolipid vehicle prevents the nucleic-acid from being metabolised and, thus, blood and plasma concentrations of the nucleic-acid components are determined by the pharmacokinetics of the nanolipid vehicle   ( Thromboembolism is the name for when a blood clot (thrombus) that forms in a blood vessel breaks loose, is carried by the bloodstream, and blocks another blood vessel. This is a dangerous condition that can affect multiple organs, causing organ damage and even death.  As such, it requires immediate treatment.)

The adverse reactions commonly mentioned in the death reports such as  pulmonary embolism, thrombosis, cerebral haemorrhage, myocardial infarction, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis are in agreement with the findings of previous autopsy studies which have identified several causal mechanisms linking COVID-19 vaccination and a lethal outcome. Of particular importance are strong immune-related life-threatening conditions involving antibody-mediated platelet activation in VITT cases (platelet factor 4) neutrophil and histiocyte infiltrates in myocarditis (and reactive astrocytes, microglia, and foamy macrophaghes in cases of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (neuro-inflammation)

As for the deaths, hospitalisation of those people over 65 years of age as to COVID19 Vaccines, these age-dependent alterations of the inflammatory response, vascular function and haemostasis may pre-dispose older individuals to an exacerbated inflammatory response, thrombus formation and endotheliopathy following COVID-19 vaccination which ultimately lead to the increased frequency of lethal outcomes, hospitalisations and life-threatening reactions among older individuals.

STRATEGIES AND LIMITATIONS: Major strengths of this study is the availability of the number of individuals exposed to the new COV ID19 and Influenza Vaccines in the US and EU populations during 2020 and 2021, allowing a more accurate reporting of adverse reactions. COVID19 Vaccine exposures 451 million as opposed to 437 influenza vaccine exposures, and the populations are practically the same in 2020 and 2021 (ie., almost the same individuals and demographic structure)Also varying sensitivity of the passive reporting systems can be ruled out as a major explanatory factor of the frequency observed.

This is an important strength of the present study in view of the rapidly increasing vaccine coverage rates against SARS-CoV-2 which will limit the availability of appropriate control groups made up of individuals without COVID-19 vaccine exposure. In addition, the present analyses are based on some of the largest datasets publicly available worldwide on vaccine-related adverse reactions containing approximately 7.8 million adverse reactions of 1.6 million individuals.

FUTURE RESEARCH: The results of the present investigation in this study may provide avenues for future clinical research in several area’s, whereas passive or spontaneous reporting systems suffer from serious under-estimation of adverse reactions. This is important as it is a drawback as to the magnitude of under-reporting of non serious and serious adverse reactions . Spontaneous report systems has been estimated to lie in the range

Finally, the results of the present investigation may provide avenues for future clinical research on several areas. First, passive or spontaneous report systems suffer from serious under-estimation of adverse reactions. This is an important drawback, as the magnitude of under-reporting of non-serious and serious adverse reactions to spontaneous report systems . It cannot be ruled out that the reporting rates of COVID19 vaccines may be to some extent much higher than for influenza vaccines because of the major limitations of passive reporting systems, under reporting rather than over reporting.

VAERS is a passive reporting system, meaning it relies on individuals to send in reports of their experiences to CDC and FDA. Passive surveillance of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) is a spontaneous reporting system, affected by under-reporting limitations. https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/25/suppl_3/ckv175.042/2578461

It is noted that future research should assess the magnitude of under estimation and coverage of adverse reactions in VAERS in order to obtain more accurate risk estimates. At the same time, additional autopsy studies may clarify the pathogenic mechanism potentially accounting for the reported death cases and/ or life threatening conditioning as to COVID19 vaccines.

In the present investigation a higher risk of reporting serious adverse outcomes was observed for the COVID-19 vaccines in comparison to influenza vaccines deployed during 2020 and 2021. Individuals age 65 and older were associated with a higher frequency of death, hospitalisations, and life-threatening reactions than individuals age 18–64 years .

The largest relative risks between COVID-19 vs. influenza vaccines were observed for allergic reactions, arrhythmia, general cardiovascular events, coagulation, haemorrhages, constitutional, gastrointestinal, ocular, sexual organs reactions, and, in particular, thromboembolic events. Further clinical investigations are needed to identify both specific and common biological pathophysiological mechanisms across the different vaccine platforms, and to assess the relative safety between the different COVID-19 vaccines currently being deployed.

Funding and publishing of this study is by Open Access Publishing Fund of University of Tubingen, Germany.  The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.756633/full

Data Availability Statement

Data of Eudra Vigilance are publicly available as CSV files at https://www.adrreports.eu/ under the line listings view of the corresponding vaccine type. Data on vaccination coverage in the EU are available at https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/data-covid-19-vaccination-eu-eea (download 26.10.2021). Data on population for the EU are available from Eurostat’s database at https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main/data/database in the table population on 1 January by age, sex and educational attainment level (demo_pjanedu). Data on US vaccination coverage are available at https://data.cdc.gov/Vaccinations/COVID-19-Vaccinations-in-the-United-States-Jurisdi/unsk-b7fc (download 27.10.2021). Data of VAERS are publicly available as ZIP files for each reporting year at https://vaers.hhs.gov/data.html. Data on US annual resident population by age groups from 2010 to 2019 are available from the US Census Bureau at https://www.census.gov/en.html (table NC-EST2019).

The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.756633/full#supplementary-material

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